Te Taputapu Mīhini Wiri Hiko: Ngā Taputapu Motuhake mō ngā Wiri Uaua

Te Pēhea e Whakahaere ai ngā Rākau Whakapiko Wiri Hāngai i ngā Wiri Kaha-Teitei

Te Mārama ki te Whakapiko Wiri Hāngai me nga Taumahatanga Tuarangi

Kua hoahoaia ngā kōhatu mawhiti hiko mā te mahi me te hinu kārāpene tikangia me ērā atu momo uaua e hiahiatia ana mō ngā mea nui pērā i ngā paringa waka e hāngai ana ki te hinu SAE 9260, i ngā wae o ngā rererangi rānei. Kāore ngā tikanga mātātoko ā-ringa e taea ai te mahi i ētahi huruhuru neke atu i te 6mm, engari ko ēnei punaha hiko he kaha rawa, e totohu ana i te paku o 200 tani e horoi ana i ngā raraunga a Industrial Press i te 2023. Ko tēnei kaha e taea ai te whakamāmā i ngā huruhuru neke atu i te 20mm ki te pono matua. Ko te mea e tū ake ana i ēnei taputapu ko tōna āheinga ki te hanga i ngā āhua maha, maha. Whakarongo ki ērā whenua nui e tū ana i ngā whare, ki ngā huruhuru iti iti o te titaniam e whakamahia ana i ngā paringa niho rānei. Ko te aronga matua kei te whakahaere i te ara e mahara ana te metara ki tōna āhua tuatahi, ka whawhai anō ina whakamāmātia, tētahi mea e kore e taea e ngā taputapu noa.

Ngā vantati o ngā Pūnaha Māmā Hiko ki ngā Pūnaha Māmā Mīhini mō ngā Huruhuru Uaua

E toru ngā vantati matua e pai ai ngā pūnaha hiko mō ngā matū kaha-teitei:

1. Rāwekenga Arataki Āwhina : E whakatika ana ngā pūmpa e kominitia ana i te tōtika i te wā kotahi kia rite ki ngā tapuwae o te pūtau, ka mau tonu te pūmahara arataki ±2%—he nui ake te tautautanga i te ±15% e kitea ana i ngā punaha mīhini.
2. Whakaritenga Hokiwhi : Ka whakamahia e ngā aljebra pūarata rorohiko ngā korero hoki mai i ngā sel pānga kua amohia hei poropiti i te hokinga maroke o te paraihe, ka tiakina te tika o ngā rahi.
3. Tiaki Taputapu : Ko te whakakaha hydrauic e iti rawa ai te pānga ki te taputapu, e 40% te itinga i te warewarenga o ngā totohu mā te whakamātau i ngā mīhini pūpahi (Pukapuka Taputapu 2024).

Ko te tūmanako, ka taea tēnei anōnga te anga oranga tuatahi e pānuitia ana heke ake i te 98% ahakoa me te miro tītani Kapa 5—kaore e taea tēnei mahi ki ngā punaha mīhini pūkaukau.

Nga Inenga Mahi Matua i te Uara o te Mīhini Hydrauic Miro Piko

Ka tātari ngā kaimahi i te mahi o te punaha mā te whā tekau matua:

Ko ngā pūnaha matatau ka whai ARI-kaupapa arotake mō te tiaki arotake, e pehi ana i te wā kore-whakamahinga umanga 73% pērā anō ko te pupuri i ngā tere turuturu kei raro i te 0.5% ki ngā aho e 1600MPa te kaha taraiwa.

Ngā Āhuatanga Matērihi o te Aho Hiri: Te Ihirangi Karbon, Te Tāroa, me te Maroke

Te Pānga o te Kohinga Hiri me te Ihirangi Karbon ki te Maroke

Ko te āheinga ki te whakamātau i te maitai he nui pea te painga o te kohuke i roto i. Ko ngā taraiwa maitai iti, e 0.05 ki te 0.25 ōrau kohuke, ka taea te whakapae ki ngā āhua herenga nui nā te mea he tino maroke. Ko ngā taraiwa maitai nui, e 0.61 ki te 1.5 ōrau kohuke, he tino pūkaha ake, ā, e whakatōhutoria ana ki ngā whakamātautau whakamātau. Ko konei te wā e maranga ake ai ngā punaha hīora. Ka whakarātia e ēnei punaha ngā pēhanga e eke ana ki te 1,200 pauna per square inch, e toru noa ngā wā te nuinga o ngā pēhi mekanikihia e hoatu. Ka taea e te kaha atu ngā kaihanga te mahi me ngā matapae pūkaha ake me te kore kino i waenganui i te mahinga. I whakaatu hoki te rangahau hou a-tau nei i tētahi mea hihiri. Ina piki ake te kohuke umanga 0.1 ōrau, ka heke te taumata angitu o ngā tikanga whakamātau tuku iho mai i te 18 ōrau. Engari i ngā punaha hīora, ko te rerekē anoo e pā ana ko te 4 ōrau anoo te heke i ngā whakamātau angitu.

Te Pānga o te Titi Wire ki te Māmātanga Whakamātau i ngā Punaha Hīora

Ko te hiahia kaha ka piki ki te tūponotia e te tapawhā—e 10% te pikinga i te rahi o te miro me te hiahia ki te pēhi hydrauic e 33% neke atu. Ko ngā punaha matatau ka whakamahi i te arataki pēhi āwhata kia pupuri i te tika o ngā koki ki roto i te ±1.5° mō ngā tapawhā e piki ana ki te 12mm.

Te Muka Kārihi Teitei vs. Te Muka Kārihi Iti: Ngā utu-moumou i te Hanga Miro Tika

Ka taea e te hangarau hydrauic ngā kaihanga te whakamaarama i waenganui i te kaha me te āhua:

• Muka kārihi teitei (0.6–1.5% C):
  • Kaha: kaha tōtika 1,870 MPa
  • Te here: Me whakamahi mara e rua mō te kinkiko me te annealing waenganui hei aukati i te pakaru
• Te hiri tāmaka iti (<0.25% C):
  • Te āhua o te hanganga: E 40% pea te roa i mua i te pakaru
  • Te mu: Whakaatu ana tēnei i te 22% iti ake te tūpono o ngā wāhi i muri i te kinkiko

Whakaatu ana ngā raraunga ko ngā pūnaha hydraulic e 62% te penapena i te hoki whenua i ngā wira tāmaka teitei ina mātai ki ngā pūhiko mecánico, nō reira he mea nui rawa mō ngā wāhanga aerospace me ngā wāhanga motokā e here ana i ngā whakaaetanga ki roto i te ±0.1mm.

Te Whakaritenga Mārau me te Maroke o te Wira: Annealing, Quenching, me Tempering

Pēhea anō te Pāpaku, te Whakamātau, me te Whakapūmau i ngā Pānga ki te Maroke o te Wīra

Ko te hanganga tahi-tika o te wīra kaha-rite e hāngai ana ki ngā tikanga whakaritenga mātaiwaka – te pāpaku, te whakamātau, me te whakapūmau – hei āhua ai i ngā ītao o te matēria.

• Whakamahana ko te uku i te hiko 600–700°C (1112–1292°F) i muri iho rānei te whakamaroke marie, e iti ake ai ngā parirau o roto me te piki ake i te kōkirikiri tae atu ki te 40%, e whakaaeia ai ngā kurupae tata kore pakaru.
• Whakamātautau whakamaroke tere i te hiko kua uku ki te 800–900°C (1472–1652°F) ki roto i te hinu, i te wai rānei, e piki ake ai te kaha ki te 25–35% engari e taea ai te kōkirikiri.
• Te whakaū ka uku anō i te hiko kua whakamātau ki waenganui i te 200–700°C (392–1292°F) hei whakahoki i te kaha ake, i te pupuruhia ai te 85–90% o ngā putanga kaha – he mea matua nui mō ngā pēpihi me ngā wāhanga e tautoko ana i te wāhi.

Tatauranga Ke: Te Whakanui ake i te Angamira Pakaru mā te Pūmahara Mua i te Pūpahi Kōhuke

I tētahi whakamātau 2023 mō te miro paraihe itūkaoka teitei 5mm i whakaatu ai ko te pūmahara mua i te 650°C (1202°C) mō ngā meneti 90 i iti ai ngā tikanga herekanga umangaia 30% mō te miro kāore i te wehe. I pupuri te punaha hydrauika i te ōrite o ±0.2° i te wā katoa o te tukanga hanganga, e whakaatu nei i te aha o te takotoranga o te wera e whakanui ana i te urupare me te tika.

Te Aronga: Te Whakauru i te Takotoranga Wera ki te Hanganga Aunoa i ngā Miro

Ko ngā kāpene hiko hou anuanu ā-iraunui kei te tūhono mai me ngā kāuta tohi ā-ihi me ngā rūma whakakaha ki te wāhi o te whakapakanga. He aha tēnei e arataki ana mō ngā kaihanga? Nō reira, ka taea e rātou te pāwhara me te whakakaha i te wā e hiko ana i te ira, nō reira kāore he hiahia ki te neke i ngā matapae i waenganui i ngā mīhini rerekē ake. I tētahi ātaarangi o ngā urupare aunoa i te tau ki muri ka kitea ētahi hua ataahua. Ko te punaha mātātoko ka whakakī te ora o ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana i te tikanga, me te penapena i te 18% pea i ngā utu hiko ina titiro ki ia tona o ira e mahia ana. Ko ēnei whanaketanga ka hua hei penapena pūtea mō ngā toihanga e mahi tāpiri ana me te rahi o te mahi hanga iraumati.

Hoahoa Taputapu Mātai mō ngā Taumahatanga Hiko Ā-Iraunui Hiko Hiko

Ko ngā mīhini mātai paraihe e horoi ana i ngā taura e horoi ana i ngā taputapu hangarua kia āhua ai ngā matērihi kaha pērā i ngā taura houhere me ngā huinga kaha. Ko te hoahoa tika o ngā taputapu e whakarite ana i te tika, te hoki anō, me te roa o te ratonga ki ngā taiao ahu whenua.

Ngā Tārua Matapihi me ngā Mātāwhenua mō ngā Huinga Taura Teitei-Whakawhitinga

Ko ngā tārua houhere kaha kaha rānei ko ngā porowhita e tika ana ki ngā kēmu tahuri e aki ai i te hapa ki ngā taura e neke ake ana i te kaha tōpiko o 2,000 MPa. Ko ngā hoahoa mātāwhenua kore-taurite e āni ani ai i te takotoranga hoki ake i ngā houhere kātaanu te nui, e mau ana i te tika o ±0.5° i runga i ngā haerenga huringa 10,000.

Te Whakauru i te Āhua Taputapu ki ngā Mīhini Mātai Paraihe Taura Motuhake

Me whai i te āhua o te taputapu i ngā taipitopito mōhiotia: he pai ake ngā mata kōpiko mō ngā tauira poto ake i te totohu, kia whakauruhia te kaha hahiko, i te wā e whakamahia ana e ngā punaha pūmahana (30+ tani) ngā āhua kōpiko mō te wehenga pai rawa o te parikara. Ko ngā pātaka taputapu hou e whakarārangihia ana ngā matā me ngā rāwekenga mā te pūmahana o te taputapu, te tikanga pakari, me ngā roa wiri e taea ana (1–20 mm).

Ngā whanaketanga hou ki te ūpoko mātā me ngā hangarau kōtinga hei whakaiti i te wareware

Ko te H13 tool steel i te maha o ngā wāhi thermal treatment i kōpakia e te tungsten carbide tru a HVOF e whakaatu ana i te 63% iti ake te wareware urutā i ngā taputapu kāore i kōpakia i ngā tāwhai whakapipi tonu e whai māna ana i te wiri 304 stainless steel. Anō, ko ngā takotoranga nitride anti-galling e whakaiti ana i ngā kaha huruhuru umanga 40%, ka whakaroa tino nui ai i ngā wā tāwhai.

Te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu motuhake mō te whakapiripiri wiri paraihe paku, neke rānei

Mō ngā wira e neke ake ana i te 12mm te tōraro, ka whakakapi ngā rōlara parawhaka i ngā mātā katoa kia kaua ai te pōroi o te wāhi tūhono. E hiaha ana ngā taputapu mō ngā matēriera tikangia (0.6–0.95% C) me te hoahoa 18° mō te āwhina i te takotoranga anuanu—i te 12° mō ngā tikangia iti-kārina—kia āki ai te iti ake o te kaha kōpiko me te nui ake o ngā pikinga anuanu.

Wāhanga FAQ

P: He aha ngā momo matēriera e tino pai ana mō ngā mīhini mātai wira hydrauhiki?

H: Ko ngā mīhini mātai wira hydrauhiki he pai mō ngā matēriera kaha, pērā i te toto kāinga kikii-kārina me ngā kirihou kaha, e whakamahia ana i ngā pānga motuka, ngā haerenga ki te rangi, me ētahi atu pānga pakihi tōkiraki.

P: Me pēhea e patai ai ngā mīhini mātai hydrauhiki i te pono tino?

H: Ka whakamahi ēnei mīhini i te rāwekenga kaha ā-āhua, te āwhina i te takotoranga anuanu, me te tiaki i ngā taputapu kia pupuri i te pono o te mātai me te whakanui i ngā ūmanga angamaheni tuatahi.

P: He aha ngā painga e homai ana e ngā punaha hydrauhiki i runga i ngā punaha hinonga?

A: Ko ngā punaha hīoraikia e tuku ana i te pūkenga kaha āhuatanga, te whakapai ake i te whenua takirua, me te itinga o te wear pūnaha i te whakamahinga i ngā pūnaha mēkanikia, ā, ina heke ana ki te whakahaere i ngā wira kaha-teitei.

P: Pēhea te pānga o te tōraro wira ki te tikanga whakatakoto i ngā punaha hīoraikia?

A: Ko ngā tōraro wira nui e here ana i te hīraunga nui ake o te hīoraikia kia taea ai ngā takotoranga tika. Ka taea e ngā punaha hīoraikia te rerekētanga i te hīraunga kia pupuri noa te tika o ngā kētanga mā roto i ngā tōraro rerekē.