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Ka taea pēhea te wāhanga whakamātautau pūpū mātātahi te whakamātatau i ngā pūpū maha o ngā āhua?
I whakamahinga mai i tēnei kaiwhakamahi hāngā hāngā i Dongguan tēnei wāhanga pātata—ko tēnei he kōhao rīrī i whakamāhinga hei rākau whakamātautau mō te hāngā hāngā—i hiahiatia ai ngā whakamāhinga e whitu i ngā pae e rima: ngā whakamāhinga tuatahi e toru i te pae horizontāl hei whakamātautau, i muri iho ko ngā whakamāhinga e rua i te 45° ki runga hei whakamātautau mō te hāngā hāngā, ka whakamāhinga anō ngā whakamāhinga e rua i te 90° ki te taha hei whakamātautau mō ngā taiwhenua. Ko te ara whakamāhinga tuatahi i whakamahinga ngā mahi ā-ringa e waru: ngā mahi ā-ringa e whā pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru ngā whare pūnaha mō ngā huri i te rārangi o te whāriki, me ngā whare pūnaha e whā i tātari i ngā whakamātautau ā-wāhi kia tū tonu te taura i ngā āhua wāhi e whā o ngā huri wāhi-kore. Ko te wā o te whakamahinga katoa i tēnei wāhanga he 9.2 meneti, ā, ko te tau o ngā kōpae kāore i taea te whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o ngā whare pūnaha — i whakaputa i ngā āhua huri e whakakaha ana i ngā hāngai huri i te tātari o ngā huri e whitu — he 8% i te tātari. I te whakamāngō i tēnei ki tēnei āwhina CNC pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru me tēnei huinga ā-matawhānui, me tēnei arotake ā-hāngai i te huri, i whakamāmā i te mahi ki tēnei whakamātautau kotahi, ā, he 63 sekone te wā. I whakamāori te CNC kia huri i te taura i waenganui i ngā rārangi huri i raro i te whakamātautau ā-pūnaha, i whakamāhinga ngā huri e whitu i te tātari i whakamātautau ai, kāore he whakamātautau ā-ringa. I heke te tau o ngā kōpae kāore i taea te whakamātautau i te 0.7%, ā, i heke te utu ā-tāngata i te wāhanga mai i te $1.84 ki te $0.21.
A pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru ka taea te whakamāhinga o ngā kōrero ā-tāwhai i te whakamāhinga o ngā āhua maha — ngā kōrero i ngā papa rerekē e whakamāhinga ana i te tāwhai kotahi, i te wāhi kotahi — ina he rorohiko kia whakamāhinga ai te pūkenga o te whakamāhinga o te rorohiko i waenganui i te upoko o te whakamāhinga me te rākau whakamāhinga. Ko te pūkenga o te whakamāhinga te wāhanga e whakamāhinga ai ngā kōrero ā-tāwhai, ā, ko tēnei te rerekētanga i waenganui i tēnei pūkenga māmā me tēnei pūkenga maha o ngā aha.
Te Pūkenga o te Whakamāhinga — Te Pūkenga Matua
He māmā pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru — ahakoa he hāngā rākau, he rorohiko rānei — ka whakamāhinga i te rākau i tēnei papa kotahi. Ka whakamāhinga te rākau i waenganui i te rākau whakamāhinga me te rākau whakamāhinga, ka whakamāhinga te ringa whakamāhinga i te rākau whakamāhinga hei whakamāhinga i te āhua, ā, ka neke mai te rākau ki te wāhi o te whakamāhinga o muri mai i tēnei papa anō. Ko tēnei te whakamāhinga e whakamāhinga ana i ngā wāhanga katoa i tēnei papa kotahi — ngā pātītī U, ngā whakamāhinga māmā, ngā wāhanga o ngā rākau o te hāpua e whakamāhinga ana i te papa horizontāl, i te papa pūtātara anō.
Kia whakamāhinga i te rārangi o tēnei wāhanga i tēnā papa, me whakamāhinga te wāhanga i tōna ake huatau roa i mua i te whakamāhinga tuarua. I tēnei mahi ā-ringa, ka whakakēhua te wāhanga mai i te kōpae, ka whakamāhinga i te āhua e te kaimahi (ka whakamāhinga i te āhua ki te kōpae, i te tohu āhua, i te whakamāhinga i te āhua ki te tohu āhua), ka whakakēhua anō, ka whakamāhinga i te whakamāhinga tuarua. Ko ngā hapa āhua i ngā whakamāhinga ā-ringa katoa — ko te hapa āhua 1 i te kōpae he hapa āhua 1 i te papa o te whakamāhinga i te otinga, ā, ko ēnei hapa e whakakī ana i ngā whakamāhinga maha i ngā papa rerekē.
He CNC maha-āhua pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru ka whakamāhinga i te huri i te rākau kōpū i tēnei arotake hurihuri e te mātua o te rākau kōpū. I muri i te whakamāhinga i tēnei huri i te pae A, ka whakamātua te arotake hurihuri e te kaitohutohu CNC kia huri te rākau kōpū ki te āhua i whakamārama nei — he tauira, 90 degrees — kia tāwhai ai i te pae huri B ki te upena huri. Ko te huri i whakamāhinga i te whakahaere i te whakauru me te whakamutu, i te nuinga o ngā wā e 0.3–0.5 sekone te wā e huri ana i te 90 degrees, ā, ko te whakamārama mai i te kaitohutohu hurihuri e whakamārama ai i te āhua o te huri i te ±0.05 degrees. Kei te tāwhai tonu te rākau kōpū i te upena i te wā o te huri, kāore he ngaro wāhi i te wā o te whakamāhinga mātua o te whakangāhau me te whakamātua anō.
Te Hāere Tāwhai o ngā Arotake Maha
He CNC katoa ngā āhua pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru mō ngā whakamātautau ā-pūtake maha e whakamahi ana i ngā awhi tāwhai e toru, i te wā anō o te mahi. Ko te awhi whakauru (Y) te whakamātautau i te tūpuhi ki te wāhi whakamātautau kua whakamārama, i te roa o te tūpuhi — ko te whānuitanga o te pūhātanga o ±0.1mm hei whānuitanga mō ngā tūpuhi hīkoi, i wāhi e tino hāngā ana te whakamātautau o ngā wāhi whakauru. Ko te awhi whakamātautau (B) te whakawhitinga o te rākau whakamātautau i te rākau whakamātautau ki te pūhātanga kua whakamārama — i te wāhi whakamātautau o te 0–190 pūhātanga, me te pūhātanga o te whānuitanga o ±0.1 pūhātanga. Ko te awhi whakawhitinga (C) te whakawhitinga o te tūpuhi i tōna awhi roa i waenganui i ngā pānui whakamātautau — he whakawhitinga o te 360 pūhātanga tonu, me te pūhātanga o te whānuitanga o ±0.05 pūhātanga. Ko te kaitohutohu CNC te whakamārama i ēnei awhi e toru trā ā-tāwhai i tēnei whakamātautau kōrero e whakamārama ana i te āhua o te tūpuhi, ā, e whakamārama ana i te ara whakamātautau kia māmā ai te wā o te whakamātautau, ā, kia mau tonu ai te pūhātanga o te wāhi i ngā wāhi whakamātautau katoa.
Ko te rākau pūhanga mō te whakakorenga i ngā whakapātata he wāhanga hāngai, engari he wāhanga e kore pea e whakaaro mai ana i te whakamāmā o ngā āhua maha. I te wā e whakamāmā ana te tāwhai i ngā āhua maha, ko ngā wāhanga kē o te tāwhai e neke mai ana i te wāhi i te wā e tāwhai ana te kākahu, i te wā e tāwhai ana te kākahu. Ko te rākau pūhanga CNC e tātai ana kia kāore te tāwhai e hanga ana i te whakapātata ki te takotoranga o te māhine, ki te upoko o te whakamāmā, ki ngā taputapu i te wā o te whakamāmā katoa. Ko ngā rākau pūhanga CNC ō nei wā pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru e whakamārama ana i te whakamārama ā-3D i whakamārama ai i te tāwhai me ngā āhua o te māhine, ā, e whakamārama ana i ngā nekehanga katoa i te rārangi i mua i te tīmatanga o te whakamāmā ā-ahua, e tohu ana i ngā whakapātata e taea ana, ā, e whakaae ana i te kaimahi kia whakamāmā i ngā whakamāmā, i ngā nekehanga whakauru kia wātea ai ngā here.
Ngā Whakaaro Mō ngā Rauemi
Te whakamāhi i te whakawhitinga ā-āhua maha i te whakawhitinga tonu he uaua ake i te whakamāhi i te whakawhitinga i tēnei wā i tēnei rāwhiti. Ko te pānga o te pāpā o te tūru ki te roa o te wāhi wāhi o waho — ko te pānga D/t — te whakamārama i te hāngai o te tūru ki te whakamāhi i te tātai o waho i te whakawhitinga hei whakamāramatanga kia kore ai te whakawhitinga o te wāhi wāhi o roto (te whakawhitinga) me te whakawhitinga o te wāhi wāhi o waho (te whakawhitinga o te āhua). Mō ngā tūru o te parahi māmā, ko te pānga D/t e rere ana i raro i te 20 te whakamāhi i te whakawhitinga kāore i te tātai o waho; ko ngā pānga o te 20–40 e hiahiatia ana te tātai o waho o te pātī (he tātai māmā ākiri e whakamāhinga ana i te wāhi o mua o te whakawhitinga); ā, ko ngā pānga kei runga i te 40 e hiahiatia ana te tātai o waho o ngā pōro maha me ngā wāhi āhua e whai ana i te āhua o te whakawhitinga. Kāore i te whakamāhi i ngā whakawhitinga ā-āhua maha, kia taea ai te whakamāhi i te tātai o waho, e tātai ana i te tātai o waho, e whakamāhinga ana i te tūru, ā, e whakamāhinga ana anō i te tātai o waho ki te wāhi o te whakawhitinga hou — me whakakī mai te tātai o waho, me whakamāhinga te tūru, ā, me whakamāhinga anō i te tātai o waho ki te wāhi o te whakawhitinga hou — e tāpiri ana i ngā sekone 2–4 mō ia whakawhitinga o te rāwhiti ki te wā o te whakamāhi.
Te whakamāhinga i te whakauru o ngā āhua maha o te kōpae i te whakamāhinga o ngā āhua maha me tā rātou whakamāhinga i ngā mahi i te hauā. Ko te tuatahi o ngā kōpae i te rārangi he whakamāhinga o te rākau o te kōpae i te wāhi o te kōpae, e pāngia ana i te kaha o te whakamāhinga o te rākau i ngā kōpae e whai mai ana. Ko te tuarua o ngā kōpae — ā, inā ko ia he iti te wāhi i waenganui i ngā kōpae e rua (i roto i ngā 2-3 rākau o te rākau) — ka whakamāhinga ake i te tuatahi nā te whakamāhinga o te rākau. He CNC pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru me ngā tāpuhi o ngā whakamāhinga o te rākau kua whakamāhinga kē i te kaitohutohu, ka whakamāhinga ake i te āhua o te kōpae mō ngā kōpae katoa i te rārangi, ā, he whakamāhinga o te rārangi o ngā kōpae me ngā wāhi i whakamāhinga kē.
Rāngai Whakawhanake
Te whakamāhinga i te mahi o ngā kōpae maha o te whakamāhinga tonu i te CNC pūhanga whakawhanake pūtoru me whakahaeretia te raupapa piko mai i te konae CAD o te waahanga he tukanga e 15-30 meneti te roa mo te waahanga tuatahi whai muri i te piko whakamatautau i runga i te ngongo tauira hei tirotiro i te utu o te puna me te whakapumau kei roto i te manawanui nga koki piko katoa me nga hurihanga rererangi. Kia whakamanahia, ka rokiroki te hōtaka ki te mahara mīhini, ka whakahokia mai hoki mo nga mahi whakaputa a muri ake nei, ka whakaiti i te wa whakatūnga ki te utanga ngongo me te whakahokia mai o te papatono tata ki te 2-3 meneti.
Ngā Pātai e Patai Pūnoa Ana
He aha te whakaritenga mīhini e āhei ai te piko ngongo maha-kōwae?
Ko te whakaritenga matua he tuaka hurihuri (tuaka C) e whakauruhia ana e te servo-powered i roto i te kaikawe ngongo e huri ana i te ngongo huri noa i tana tuaka roa i waenga i nga piko. Me whai toru ngā tuaka CNC i te mīhini kai (Y), piko (B), me te huri (C) me te whakahaere nekehanga whakaritea. Mēnā kāore te tuaka hurihuri, ka iti noa iho te mīhini ki te piko-tetahi-papa.
He pēhea te tika o te koki i waenganui i ngā rererangi ārai rerekē?
Ko tēnei he māhine CNC whakamātua pū, e whakamāhi ana i te kaitātai huri i te pou C, e whai ana i te whāinga o te āhua o ngā āki i ngā rārangi rerekē o ±0.05 degrees — kāore he hapa o te huri i ngā rārangi, nā te mea ka tū tonu te pū i te whakamāhi i te whakamātua. Ko te huri i ngā rārangi mā ringaringa, i te wā hoki, e whakawhitinga ana i ngā hapa āki mai i te 1-3 degrees, ā, he rerekē ngā hapa i te pūkenga o te kaimahi me te kounga o ngā whakamāhi.
He aha ngā rōrahi o ngā pū me ngā pāpā o ngā pū e whakamāhi ana te whakamātua āki maha?
Ko ngā māhine CNC whakamātua pū āta whakamāhi i ngā āki maha e whakamāhi ana i ngā rōrahi pū mai i te 6mm ki te 50mm, me ngā pāpā mai i te 0.5mm ki te 3.0mm. Ko te rōrahi pū o te whakamātua o te pū he rerekē i te kaha o te māhine i te huri i te pū (hydraulic), i te huri i te pū (servo). Mō te pū 50mm o te māhī kaha, me te pāpā 2mm, ko te kaha o te huri e hiahiatia ana he 4,000–6,000 Nm.
Pēhea te mahinga o te tautoko o te mandrel i te wā o te whakamātua āki maha?
Ko te mandrel he tautāwhai o waho i tāwhai ai i te rōrū i mua i te wāhi kōpiko kia kore ai te whakamāmā o te rāhui o roto. I te kōpiko anuanu, me whakakēneka te mandrel i mua i te huri o te rōrū ki tēnei wāhi kōpiko hou, ā, me whakauru anō i muri i te huri. Ko te whakamātua i te whakakēneka me te whakauru o te mandrel he mea automati, e tātai ana i te 2-4 sekonehanga ia huri, ā, e hiahiatia ana te whakamārama o te tūranga o te mandrel i tāwhai ai i te tāwhai kōpiko o te CNC.
He aha te whakamāhua o te kaha o te kōpiko anuanu?
Ko te kōpiko anuanu i runga i te mākina kōpiko rōrū CNC he whakamāmā i te wā pānui i te 55-70% i te kōpiko ā-ringa i ngā wāhi maha, nā te kore o te whakamārama i te rōrū me te whakamātua i tēnei i ngā tātai. Ko tēnei wāhi e 7 ngā kōpiko i ngā wāhi e 5 e 9 miniti te wā ā-ringa, ā, ka taea te whakamātua i te 60-90 sekonehanga i te mākina CNC, ā, ka piki mai i te oranga ā-rau mai i te 50 ki te 400-500 wāhi i te 8-haora.
Pehea te whakamāmā i te rōrū kōpiko kia kore ai te pākihi i te mākina i te wā o te huri?
Ko ngā kaiwhakamārama o ngā māhine whakamātua CNC ōrite i tēnei wā he rorohiko e whakamāhi ana i ngā pūnaha whakamātautau 3D e whakamāhi ana i ngā āhua o ngā tūpere i te wā e huri nei i ngā huri, me ngā āhua o te hanga o te māhine. Ko ngā pūnaha nei e whakamātautau ana i ngā nekehanga katoa — te tāwhai, te huri, me te huri — hei whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau o ngā whakamātautau, ā, ka tohu i te whakamātautau ki te kaiwhakamahi, i te rereke rānei i te rereke o ngā huri kia whakamātautau ai i ngā whakamātautau, pērā i te whakauru i ngā huri waenganui hei whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau o ngā hanga.